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p2pkh – How to include arbitrary data when spending an UTXO while keeping the transaction valid?

Moussa by Moussa
September 10, 2025
in Bitcoin
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peer discovery – how to obtain the IP addresses of nodes for mining pools?
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I want to include some random (for me it is not really random 🙂) data when unlocking an UTXO.

I would like to keep the spending secured by a classic signature.

At first, I thought about using P2WPKH, but from what I understand, the witness must contain exactly two elements (the signature and the public key). If there are more, the transaction becomes invalid.

1.Am I correct?

Then I considered using a classic P2PKH, where in the scriptSig I could add my data first (e.g. a simple push of 20 bytes), before the signature and the public key.
This should preserve security, because after script execution only the top-level stack element is checked, so my extra data would not cause any issue.

2.Am I correct?

However, I also found that while this is fine from the consensus and security perspective, policy rules would prevent such a transaction from being relayed across the network since it has more than one element left on stack.

3.Am I correct?

It is very important for me to include additional data when spending funds, but I am not sure how to do this. Any ideas? Perhaps to use some other transaction type to achieve this?

Any help is welcome — even answers to only one of the above questions.



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