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bip32 hd wallets – What is the purpose of the initial 0x04 byte in all extended public and private keys (xpub xprv ypub yprv zpub zprv …)

Moussa by Moussa
November 3, 2025
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BIP32 specifies a 4-byte version:

mainnet: 0x0488B21E public, 0x0488ADE4 private; testnet: 0x043587CF public, 0x04358394 private

BIP49 has a variant:

Extended public keys use 0x049d7cb2 to produce a "ypub" prefix, and private keys use 0x049d7878 to produce a "yprv" prefix. Testnet uses 0x044a5262 "upub" and 0x044a4e28 "uprv."

BIP84 has a variant:

Extended public keys use 0x04b24746 to produce a "zpub" prefix, and private keys use 0x04b2430c to produce a "zprv" prefix. Testnet uses 0x045f1cf6 "vpub" and 0x045f18bc "vprv."

What I notice about all these is the initial 0x04. And then I noticed in the Bitcoin Core test framework that this initial byte is spliced off and referred to as a “version”.

Is this the same “version” that BIP32 specifies? (Even though there is a 1 vs 4 byte discrepancy?) What other versions are there besides 0x04?



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