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bip32 hd wallets – What is the purpose of the initial 0x04 byte in all extended public and private keys (xpub xprv ypub yprv zpub zprv …)

Moussa by Moussa
November 3, 2025
in Bitcoin
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How do Bitcoin mining pools typically handle payout frequency versus thresholds?
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BIP32 specifies a 4-byte version:

mainnet: 0x0488B21E public, 0x0488ADE4 private; testnet: 0x043587CF public, 0x04358394 private

BIP49 has a variant:

Extended public keys use 0x049d7cb2 to produce a "ypub" prefix, and private keys use 0x049d7878 to produce a "yprv" prefix. Testnet uses 0x044a5262 "upub" and 0x044a4e28 "uprv."

BIP84 has a variant:

Extended public keys use 0x04b24746 to produce a "zpub" prefix, and private keys use 0x04b2430c to produce a "zprv" prefix. Testnet uses 0x045f1cf6 "vpub" and 0x045f18bc "vprv."

What I notice about all these is the initial 0x04. And then I noticed in the Bitcoin Core test framework that this initial byte is spliced off and referred to as a “version”.

Is this the same “version” that BIP32 specifies? (Even though there is a 1 vs 4 byte discrepancy?) What other versions are there besides 0x04?



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